Redeeming hostages – not at any price
A recent spree of acquisitions of Israeli startups by Intel, IBM, Microsoft, GE, Johnson & Johnson and Siemens has triggered a powerful tailwind for thousands of young Israeli entrepreneurs who aspire to establish new startups that could also be acquired by global giants.
The recent awarding of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Israeli scientist Professor Dan Schechtman has produced much enthusiasm among thousands of young Israeli scientists, all of whom wish to follow in his footsteps.
The recent swap of 1,027 Palestinian terrorists for one Israeli soldier, and the royal welcome for the terrorists by Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, has put adrenaline into the veins of thousands of young Palestinians who consider joining the ranks of PLO or Hamas terrorists.
Get the Israel Hayom newsletter sent to your mailbox!
The swap deviates sharply from the morally driven, security-based, reality-tested and commonsense-guided Jewish approach to hostage redemption that existed from the ancient era of the Patriarchs through the Second Temple period until modern times.
The Jewish preference for national security over private security is a derivative of real-life Judaism: making daily “no free lunch” choices between blessing and curse, good and evil, life and death.
Abraham the patriarch did not pay a ransom for his nephew, Lot. According to this week’s Torah portion, "Lech Lecha," Abraham attacked King Chedarla’omer and rescued Lot.
The 220 C.E.-redacted Oral Torah, the "Mishnah," and the 5th-century Talmud, which analyzes and contains the Mishnah, state that the enhancement of global well-being prohibits paying excessive ransoms for hostages, lest this encourages further kidnappings and radicalizes kidnappers’ demands.
In the 12th century, Maimonides, one of the greatest Torah scholars and a luminary on Jewish laws and the ethics of warfare, maintained that the greatest precept and virtue is redeeming hostages, but not at all costs. Redemption of hostages is not an absolute value. A country that is involved in a war for its survival must consider the impact of hostage redemption on future hostilities.
According to Maimonides’ teachings, a country that fights for its survival in the Middle East -- which has been plagued by wars, volatility, treachery and intolerance toward non-Muslims for the last 1,400 years -- must not subordinate its vital national interests to personal predicaments. While a rescue operation risks the lives of soldiers -- as happened in Entebbe, where Yonatan Netanyahu lost his life -- it can bolster Israel’s posture of deterrence. On the other hand, a terrorists-hostage swap yields heavier pressure, erodes deterrence, encourages further kidnappings, intensifies terrorism, subverts the legal system and issues a setback to the overriding goal -- for which soldiers are drafted -- of enhancing national security. Israel’s refraining from a hostage-driven military operation, such as the kidnapping of top leaders of Hamas, was registered by the Arabs as weakness.
Rabbi Meir of Rothenburg, who was kidnapped in 1286 by Germany’s King Rudolph and was the leading sage of that era, issued a directive prohibiting his followers from paying the exorbitant ransom demanded by the king. He died in captivity seven years later.
Dr. Michael Wygoda, head of the Jewish Law Department at Israel’s Justice Ministry, provided more examples in the spring 2010 issue of Justice Magazine, published by the International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists.
The kidnapping of hostages and the systematic and intentional murder and intimidation of civilians is a means, and not the goal, of terrorists. Terrorists aim to erode the confidence of free societies in the ability of their governments to secure safety and to defeat terrorism. The wholesale release of Palestinian terrorists in return for an Israeli soldier has emboldened terrorists, advancing their goal.
In order to secure public safety and defeat and deter terrorism, governments must reject pressure, immediate gratification and personal sensitivities, which led to this morally wrong and strategically reckless swap. Governments should embrace the Jewish values of morality, security, realism and common sense, which are consistent with long-term national security interests.
Yoram Ettinger is a former ambassador and head of “Second Thought: a U.S.-Israel Initiative.” [link]
Recent Comments