Lubavitch.com:
NEW YORK -- (June 25, 2009)
Baila Olidort
This
week marks the 15th anniversary of the passing of the Lubavitcher
Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, of righteous memory. In honor of
the occasion, lubavitch.com interviewed Rabbi Adin (Even Yisrael)
Steinsaltz.
Rabbi Steinsaltz, a noted rabbi, scholar,
philosopher, social critic and a prolific author on a wide range of
Jewish topics, is most commonly known for his popular commentary and
translation of the Talmud into Hebrew, French, Russian and Spanish. A
Chasidic scholar as well, Rabbi Steinsaltz has translated the Tanya,
the primary source text of Chabad Chasidism, into English and written
numerous works on Chasidic and Kabbalistic themes.
In 1988, he was awarded the Israel Prize, Israel's highest honor, for Jewish studies.
T
HE REBBE TODAY
Baila Olidort:
In the last fifteen years since that day in June 1994, now referred to
as Gimmel Tammuz, so much has been written about the Rebbe, his life as
an individual, as a leader, and his legacy. What happens to the Rebbe
over time?
Rabbi Steinsaltz:
It’s a complex thing. The Rebbe is unlike so many heroes whose
biographies you can’t sell a year after they’ve died. The Rebbe remains
a very active figure even though he doesn’t move with us in this world.
When
the Rebbe was alive, he was not just a spiritual leader; he was in many
ways, a king, a commander of an army, and he made people move.
Now he is becoming spiritualized, he is becoming a force, a figure like Elijah the prophet.
We’re
not really uncovering new stories about details or parts of his life.
Instead, what appears is a picture of an individual who is almost a
supernatural being.
The Rebbe is becoming very much—and perhaps
this is not the right term—a mythical figure. The Baal Shem Tov, for
example, is now a power of nature. And the Rebbe is becoming like
that.
BO: We often hear people take what the Rebbe
said and find in it their own meaning, their own interpretations. At
times, these interpretations seem arbitrary, or worse, simply not what
the Rebbe intended. Does it matter?
RS:
Of course it matters, the Rebbe was very clear about what he said. He
said, “Don’t make interpretations of what I said. If want to say
something, I can say it clearly and sharply.
So whatever you make of the Rebbe, if it is not true, the Rebbe would object to it.
BO: But
what of the theory that once something is out there, it becomes the
domain of the public, and intent doesn’t really matter?
RS: When
you write poetry or fiction, that's a fair question, because possibly
the poet doesn’t know himself. Possibly the poet is not the best source
of interpretation for his own poetry. Much before the
deconstructionists, Plato writes that the poet doesn’t understand his
own poetry.
But with the Rebbe, he was very clear, he was very
sharp about keeping his message as it was. If I water it down, or honey
it up or pepper it—that’s not right.
REDEMPTION
BO: In
the 1980s, the Rebbe said that all the obstacles in the path of
Moshiach have been removed. And he sparked a sense of the imminence of
the redemption. What are we to make of his statement today, thirty
years later?
RS: As
I see it, the coming of Moshiach is the end of history. It’s not just
by chance that the redemption is likened in the sources to giving
birth, and is referred to as “birth pangs.” Some deliveries take a long
time, and there’s lots of suffering and bleeding and crying. So when we
speak of the coming of Moshiach, we are talking about a world being
born, and the framework of the birth pangs may be longer than we
expected.
BO: When we spoke last time, you talked
about the evolution of society, science, history as being a sign of
progress and movement towards radical change in the as signs of the
eventual Redemption. And in a certain respect we can see how the world
has changed. We see greater tolerance, compassion, a wide embrace of
Judaism’s universal values, and in this way, more progressive
attitudes. But that usually goes together with having less tolerance
for the particulars of Judaism.
RS: Yes,
well, being tolerant in our world is true in the Pickwickian sense. The
tolerant are tolerant only within a certain framework. There is a
dictatorship of the intolerance of the tolerant.
As for change,
we can point to certain things are moving in a certain direction, but
are they progressive? That’s a very loaded word and probably shouldn’t
be used in any intelligent conversation.
Things are changing in
all kinds of strange ways. A stronger monotheism is coming to the
world, for example, with Islam. The Rebbe pointed out many years ago,
that the importance of Islam needs to be taken into account, and it is
being underestimated.
Humanity has not conquered disease. But
today, to speak of living till 120 is no longer a joke. So again, there
is change. But it is uneven.
Of course, if change would come as we dream it should, that itself would mean that Moshiach is here.
BO: What of the anti-Semitism that we’re seeing today? That doesn’t look like change in a good direction.
RS: Most
of the modern type hatred of Israel and Jews, comes from a belief that
the Jews are somehow superior. Because of that there are much higher
demands on our behavior. The anti-Semitism begins from a strange belief
that the Jews are superior and so they have no right to behave as
ordinary people. It’s as if they are saying to the Jews, “You are
children of the Almighty—yet look how you behave, like us!”
So it is painful, but it is an admission that you haven’t heard in many years.
ISRAEL
BO: What
do you think the Rebbe’s vision was, for the State of Israel? On the
one hand, he exhorted the government to honor Jewish principles. On the
other, the idea of religious coercion by the State would never work.
RS: The
issue really is the attitude in Israel. As an example, the Israeli
government brought in large numbers of Russian non-Jews as immigrants,
which created a real problem, and the Rebbe was very concerned about
that. The Israeli agency wanted numbers, so they got numbers and they
didn’t care for the results.
Now if the atmosphere in Israel was
different, these immigrants would convert. Most of them were partly
Jewish. And in the past, they had to convert to be accepted as full
Jews. Today, Israel—not as a state but as a society—accepts these half
or quarter Jews as Jews, so there’s nothing pushing them to convert.
BO: So there’s an example of how there’s less interest or sympathy for the particulars of Judaism.
RS: Yes,
but we can trace it back to the development of Israel as a state. You
know, the founding fathers of America were religious. By contrast, the
founding fathers of Israel were atheistic socialists. They completely
cut themselves off from everything that came before them.
The famous Israeli writer S. Yizhar (Yizhar Smilansky) once
told me, “You know, I never had a grandfather as you did. My father
just cut off every part of life that existed before he came to Israel.
Nothing else was there.”
In fact, in those early years, Israelis grew up believing that they are a different race—different from the Jews.
And
this created a serious gap, a real disconnect. Israel has really lost a
part of its Jewishness as a result of the estrangement and distance,
not only from the practice of Judaism, but also from all knowledge of
it.
That was of deep, deep concern to the Rebbe. The idea that
generations of Jewish children are growing up in Israel with no
knowledge of Tanach, of the fundamentals of Judaism—means
that the gap is not because of the laws or the particulars, per se, but
because of the atmosphere that is destroying their Jewishness. This is
what the Rebbe wanted to repair.
OPTIMISM
BO: Generally,
the Rebbe took an optimistic tone in his talks. But in his 40-plus
years of speaking, there were maybe a handful of occasions—one
specifically comes to mind, when a young mother was murdered in Crown
Heights, and the Rebbe addressed the tragedy, expressing a visceral
grief. Listening to him then, one heard almost inconsolable pain of a
father, faced with a colossal loss, rather than words of spiritual
redemption.
RS: The
Rebbe was the vehicle that contained the tears of the Jewish people.
The Rebbe heard pain and suffering, not just day after day, but minute
after minute, so he had to contain all the pain. From time to time the
weight of these tears, all the pain, all the suffering, was revealed.
But
the pain is a pain that says to G-d, “You have to do something about
it, we cannot take it anymore.” He in effect was crying out to the
Almighty that He should do something about all the suffering. It’s as
if one says, “If I as a human being am suffering so much, you the
Almighty, who feels the suffering much deeper—how can you stay behind
and not do something about this?”
BO: You remember of
course, the statement he made a few years before Gimmel Tamuz, which
resounded with resignation or great despair, when he said, “I’ve done
all I can, now it’s up to you.” This struck a chord with everyone,
because it seemed so out of character for the Rebbe who generally
exuded a sense of optimism.
RS: The
optimism of the Rebbe was not always light. It was not a point of view
that saw a rosy existence. His optimism meant that if you are willing
to fight and work hard, there is a better future.
Even his last
statement, which you may say was a statement of deep despair, doesn’t
mean that he gave up the desire, the dream and the ideas. He said, “I
did to the utmost of my ability, I tried to do on my own what I could,
so I am now leaving it in your hands.”
He did not abandon his
vision. So he wasn’t an optimist in the sense that he would say, you
just rest, everything will be alright, you’ll wake up, the sun will
shine, your dead wife will come back and your estranged children will
come running to you. Rather, he said that if you work on it, if you go
on, if you fight for it, then you have a good chance of getting
yourself into a better position.
And he believed that you can do it. That was his message to everyone. In fact, that’s what he said to the Ribbono Shel Olam [God]: “You can do better.”
Watch the video [link]
posted by: jrtelegraph
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